Everything about Charles I Duke Of Mantua totally explained
Charles I of Gonzaga-Nevers (
Italian:
Carlo I Gonzaga;
May 6 1580 -
September 22 1637) was
Duke of Mantua and
Marquess of Montferrat from
1627 until his death. He was also
Duke of Rethel and
Nevers, as well as
Prince of Arches.
Biography
Born in
Paris, he was the son of
Louis I of Gonzaga-Nevers and Henriette of Cléves. At the death of the last legitimate male heir of the Gonzaga line in the Duchy of Mantua,
Vincenzo II (1626), Charles inherited the title through an agreement. His son was married with
Maria Gonzaga, daughter of former Duke
Francesco IV.
However, his succession spurred the enmity of
Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy, who aimed at the Gonzaga lands of
Montferrat, and, above all, of
Spain and the
Holy Roman Empire, which didn't like a philo-French ruler in Mantua. This led to the
War of Mantuan Succession. In
1629 emperor
Ferdinand II sent a
Landsknecht army to besiege
Mantua, Charles left without the promised support from
Louis XIII of France. The siege lasted until July,
1630, when the city, already struck by a plague, was brutally sacked. Mantua never recovered from this disaster.
The subsequent diplomatic maneuvers granted Charles, who had fled to the Papal States, to return to the duchy in 1631, not without concessions to the
House of Savoy and to the Gonzaga of
Guastalla. The situation of the Mantuan lands was dramatic, but he was able to trigger some economic recovery in the following years.
Charles died in 1637. His successor was his grandson
Charles III, initially under the regency of
Maria Gonzaga, Charles I's daughter-in-law.
Children
He married Catherine of Mayenne, daughter of
Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne and
Henriette of Savoy, Marquise de Villars. They had six children:
- Francis I, Duke of Rethel (1606 - 1622).
- Charles II, titular Duke of Mantua (1609 - 14 August, 1631). His heir and nominal co-ruler. Better known as Duke of Nevers and Rethel. Married heiress Maria Gonzaga. They were parents to Eleanor of Mantua consort of the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, and Charles III, Duke of Mantua.
- Ferdinand, Duke of Mayenne (1610 - 25 May, 1632).
- Ludwika Maria Gonzaga (18 August, 1611 - 10 May, 1667). Married first Władysław IV Vasa and secondly John II Casimir of Poland.
- Benedetta Gonzaga (1614 - 30 September, 1637).
- Anna Maria Gonzaga (1616 - 6 July, 1684). Married first Henry II, Duke of Guise and secondly Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern.
Further Information
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